For those of you, who haven't learned object-oriented programming language.

I want to give you a short intro to this "Object-Oriented Programming"

This would be highly beneficial to you, as Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform operations on the data while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and functions.

didn't understand?

Don't worry! You will understand soon :)

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By the way, what are the advantages of Object-Oriented Programming and why it is important?

Because

• OOP is faster and easier to execute
• OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
• OOP helps to keep the C++/Java/Dart code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug
• OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time

Object-Oriented Programming is associated with concepts like Class, Object, Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Inheritance.

First of all, what is a class?

Class is what defines the properties and functions of any functional Entity. Like humans having body parts, clothes, etc.

Collection of objects is known as a class.

For example, if you are a student studying in a college or school.

Then all the students in your classroom are objects and the classroom itself is a class. The name, age of a student can be assumed as variable and the activities he/she does in his/her whole day can be termed as methods

Like sleeping(), eating(), crying, studying(), etc

Now I think we are done with class, objects, methods. Now let's understand the important principles of OOP

The principles of object-oriented programming are encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

I know all this is a bit hard to digest, but all these things will help you a lot in your programming journey.

I know these words sound scary, but don't worry they are not that scary as they look.

I want to give you a short and simple explanation of these words!

Are you ready?

Now Let's Go........

Encapsulation:

Say we have a program. It has a few logically different objects which communicate with each other — according to the rules defined in the program.

Encapsulation is achieved when each object keeps its state private, inside a class. Other objects don’t have direct access to this state. Instead, they can only call a list of public functions — called methods.

For example

1. When we buy a new Mobile phone, we don’t see how the circuit board works or how memory is managed. This irrelevant information is hidden. That hidden information is called “Encapsulation”

2. A capsule. Basically, the capsule encapsulates several combinations of medicine.

If combinations of medicine are variables and methods then the capsule will act as a class and the whole process is called Encapsulation.

I hope you are done with Encapsulation. If not then please read these examples again. Or else join our Telegram group only made to help coders with the difficulties they were facing in their programming journey.

Abstraction:

Abstraction is a process of showing only the necessary data to the end-user.

For example:

In washing Machine

We just put dirty clothes and add the washing powder. The washing machine working internally brews the cloths and gives the clean cloths.

You don’t need to know what is happening inside the washing machine. Someone else worried about created a washing machine and that’s acts as “Abstraction” which shows you the only necessary things.

Inheritance:

The capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from another class is called Inheritance.

For example,

You are derived from your parents and they had been derived from their parents and ultimately you have some qualities and features of your both parents, and grandparents.

Polymorphism:

The word polymorphism means having many forms.

Poly means many and morphḗ mean forms in greek

In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form.

A real-life example of polymorphism, a person at the same time can have different characteristics. Like a man at the same time is a father, a husband, an employee. So the same person posses different behavior in different situations. This is called polymorphism. Polymorphism is considered one of the important features of Object-Oriented Programming.

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So now we are done with some of the important concepts of OOP, but there's a lot to learn in OOP.

I condensed and summarized all the data available on the web for you.

I hope now you have, some brief idea about OOP.

If you want detailed information about OOP and also want to suggest something to me, please comment and join our Telegram group.

In the next article, we will be getting our hands dirty with some flutter code

Until then, stay home stay safe

Cya :-)